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Unfavorable electron recombination, which hinders the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), usually occurs at the TiO 2 /dye/electrolyte interface on a photoanode. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as good electron acceptors, can be used as electron-transfer materials in DSSCs to improve electron transport in TiO 2  and reduce electron recombining on the interface of a photoanode. In this paper, the pure inorganic sandwich-type POM Na 9 [Na 3 (H 2 O) 6 Cu 3 (H 2 O) 3 (SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ]·40H 2 O (Cu 3 Na 3 POM) was mixed with TiO 2  to form nanocomposites by simple sol-gel method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that Cu 3 Na 3 POM and TiO 2  combined. Then the nanocomposite was doped with P25 to form Cu 3 Na 3 POM@TiO 2 /P25 photoanodes which were applied to the DSSCs. The Cu 3 Na 3 POM improved the transfer and recombination of electrons in the photoanode, proved by open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra showed that Cu 3 Na 3 POM optimized the morphology of the photoanode and the adsorption capacity of dye. The electrochemical test showed that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs with Cu 3 Na 3 POM@TiO 2 /P25 photoanodes was enhanced to 6.91%, which was 13.66% higher than the DSSCs without Cu 3 Na 3 POM.

journal of coordination chemistry

The TiO 2  films with sandwich-type polyoxometalates in dye sensitized solar cells with electron recombination decreasing and dye adsorption increasing