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Vixotrigine is a voltage- and use-dependent sodium channel blocker under investigation for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain. One of the major  in vivo  metabolic pathways of vixotrigine in humans is the hydrolysis of the carboxamide to form the carboxylic acid metabolite M14.The  in vitro  formation of M14 in human hepatocytes was inhibited by the carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitor Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrolysis reaction was identified to be catalysed by recombinant human CES1b.Initial observation of only trace level formation of M14 in human liver microsomes at pH 7.4 caused us to doubt the involvement of CES1, an enzyme localised at the endoplasmic reticulum and the dominant carboxylesterase in human liver. Further investigation has revealed that optimal pH for the hydrolysis of vixotrigine and two other basic substrates of CES1, methylphenidate and oseltamivir, in human liver microsomes was pH 8.5–9 which is higher than their respective pK a(base),  suggesting that neutral form of basic substrates is probably preferred for CES1 catalysis in liver microsomes. Vixotrigine is a voltage- and use-dependent sodium channel blocker under investigation for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain. One of the major  in vivo  metabolic pathways of vixotrigine in humans is the hydrolysis of the carboxamide to form the carboxylic acid metabolite M14. The  in vitro  formation of M14 in human hepatocytes was inhibited by the carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitor Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrolysis reaction was identified to be catalysed by recombinant human CES1b. Initial observation of only trace level formation of M14 in human liver microsomes at pH 7.4 caused us to doubt the involvement of CES1, an enzyme localised at the endoplasmic reticulum and the dominant carboxylesterase in human liver. Further investigation has revealed that optimal pH for the hydrolysis of vixotrigine and two other basic substrates of CES1, methylphenidate and oseltamivir, in human liver microsomes was pH 8.5–9 which is higher than their respective pK a(base),  suggesting that neutral form of basic substrates is probably preferred for CES1 catalysis in liver microsomes.

Optimal pH 8.5 to 9 for the hydrolysis of vixotrigine and other basic substrates of carboxylesterase-1 in human liver microsomes