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Islamic discourses in West Africa that use Hausa as lingua franca commonly designate ‘African Traditional Religion’ as  bōkā . I consider  bōkā  as ethnographic theory, i.e., as means to contemplate and make sense of the forms of life that it is embedded in and that it articulates. Accordingly, translating  bōkā  is anything but straightforward. I trace the various meanings of this term in Hausa ethnographies, dictionaries, and summarize an extensive conversation I had on this concept with a Hausa native speaker. I show how  bōkā  articulates and participates in a whole tradition and lifeworld. Having delineated the semantic field of  bōkā  in Hausa, I present the divergent and contested uses of the term in Islamic discourses in Asante in which various actors negotiate their conceptions of and relations to ‘traditional’ religion. To conclude, I reflect on how considering  bōkā  as ethnographic theory impacts academic translations and the work of theory.

Bōkā or how one Religion sees another: Islamic discourses on ‘African Traditional Religion’ in West Africa