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During Early Modern history, the representations of New World’s indigenous beliefs and practices were a process of assimilation within the Western concept of religion. This article assesses three indigenous emic concepts observed by missionaries:  zemi ,  teotl  and  huaca . First, it analyses the  Account of the Antiquities of the Indians  by Ramón Pané, sent by Christopher Columbus to carry out ‘fieldwork’ among the Taíno Indians. Then, it focuses on how in New Spain Bernardino de Sahagún confronted another emic concept— teotl —and incorporated it into his  Florentine Codex . Finally, it focuses on how José de Acosta, in his  Natural and Moral History of the Indies , adapted a theory of idolatry assimilating Andean  huacas  as ‘particular things’. From the comparison of these emic categories will emerge a sort of indigenous theory of materiality that could be valuable to religious studies when considering ‘other’ relational forms with extra-human beings.

Zemi, teotl, huaca : reconsidering materiality through three emic concepts in the New World