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Presently, considerable advancement occurs  via  C–H functionalization in first-row transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions (CDCs). The use of several transition metal catalysts, selectively copper and iron, in cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions is very popular due to their easy accessibility, low toxicity, and eco-friendliness. Nanoparticle complexes of these metals also opened a newer route toward greener synthetic approaches. This review provides an overview of current advances in the copper and iron-catalyzed Csp 3 –Csp 3  CDCs. It mainly focuses on the catalytic loading amount of Cu(I), Cu(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), and their nanoparticle complexes with wide substrate scopes as well as appropriate oxidant systems, which enhance the atom economy. It reveals that Cu(II) and Fe(III) catalytic systems have yielded high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity with chiral ligands for direct Csp 3 –Csp 3  coupling from unactivated C–H bonds. This will help in better understanding the Cu and Fe-catalyzed CDCs, which may boost future developments toward catalytic improvement.

Applications of copper and iron-catalyzed Csp 3 –Csp 3 cross-dehydrogenative coupling in organic synthesis