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Identification of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from soils amended with different types of compost is needed for appropriate use of manure in agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the interaction effects of compost type and soil properties and effects of moisture contents on N 2 O and CO 2  emissions, with identification of relative abundances of functional ammonia-oxidizing genes. Laboratory tests were conducted using cattle manure compost (CC) or mixed compost (MC) (cattle, poultry, and swine manure) amended Kochi (from a greenhouse) or Ushimado (from a paddy field) soils (3% by weight) with controls (no compost). Initial moisture contents were adjusted to 60% water-holding capacity (WHC) for Kochi soil and 70% WHC for both soils. The samples were aerobically incubated at 25°C. Emissions of N 2 O and CO 2  and contents of ammonium N (NH 4+ -N) and nitrate N in soils were measured continuously until day 42. The abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea genes were estimated to evaluate nitrifying activities. Cumulative N 2 O and CO 2  emissions were significantly higher ( p  &lt; 0.05) in MC than those in CC treatments probably due to higher NH 4+ -N content and lower C/N ratio, which facilitated faster N mineralization and C decomposition. Emissions of N 2 O and CO 2  were higher in compost-amended Kochi soil (70% WHC) with high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents than those in less fertile Ushimado soil. Interestingly, interactions of compost type and soil properties on N 2 O emissions were significant ( p  &lt; 0.05) only in Kochi soil because the addition of decomposition resistant CC increased N 2 O emissions only from this soil with high C and N contents. Higher soil moisture contents increased N 2 O and CO 2  emissions significantly ( p  &lt; 0.05) in Kochi soil. Emissions of N 2 O until day 15 were mainly due to activities of AOB  amoA  genes ( R 2   = 0.91). This study suggests that N 2 O emissions are increased by high NH 4+ -N contents and a low C/N ratio in compost and high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents in soil. The application of compost with less decomposable C increases N 2 O emissions only from nutrient-rich soil.

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from two soils amended with different manure composts in aerobic incubation tests