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In this study, 31 species of noctuid stemborers belonging to the genus  Sesamia  Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Apameini: Sesamiina) are reviewed. All these species are assigned to the  Sesamia cretica  group  sensu  Tams &amp; Bowden (1953). Based on genitalic characters, several subgroups are hereby defined. Nine species belong to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia albivena  Hampson, 1902 subgroup; it consists of  S. albivena ,  S. mocoensis  Tams &amp; Bowden, 1953,  n. stat. , S . sudanensis  Tams &amp; Bowden, 1953,  n. stat.S. taenioleuca  (Wallengren, 1863), and five new species that are described ( S. aethiopica  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Ethiopia,  S. kafulo  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Botswana and Zambia,  S. kavirondo  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Kenya and Uganda,  S. maloukou  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Republic of Congo, and  S. soyema  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Ethiopia). Four species belong to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia cretica  subgroup; this encompasses  S. cretica ,  S. rufescens  Hampson, 1910, and two new species that are described ( S. ihambane  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Mozambique and Tanzania and  S. kikuyuensis  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Kenya); two new synonyms are introduced for  Sesamia cretica :  Nonagria uniformis  Dudgeon, 1905  n. syn.  and  Sesamiagriselda  Warren, 1913,  n. syn.  Ten species belong to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia fuscifrontia  Hampson, 1914 subgroup; this includes  S. fuscifrontia ,  S. geyri  (Strand, 1915) and eight new species that are described ( S. babati  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Tanzania,  S. babessi  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Cameroon and Zambia,  S. mabira  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Uganda,  S. nangaensis  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Cameroon and Republic of Congo,  S. rungwa  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Tanzania,  S. simillima  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Benin, Cameroon, Kenya and Uganda,  S. taveta  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Kenya and  S. ulaukae  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Ethiopia). One species belongs to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia salama  Le Ru  n. sp.  subgroup; this consists of  S. salama  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Kenya and another undescribed  Sesamia  species from South Africa. One species belongs to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia viettei  Rungs, 1954 subgroup .  Six species belong to a species complex defined as the  Sesamia wiltshirei  Rungs, 1963 subgroup; this groups  S. wiltshirei  and five new species that are described ( S. djenoensis  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Republic of Congo,  S. inexpectata  Le Ru  n. sp.  from South Africa and Zambia,  S. lefini  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Republic of Congo,  S. echinochloa  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia and  S. rindini  Le Ru  n. sp.  from Tanzania). A supplemental description of the previously described species is also provided. Novel host plant records are also provided for 11 species of the  S. cretica  group. To complement the morphological study, both phylogenetic and molecular species delimitation analyses were carried out on a multimarker (four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) molecular dataset encompassing 144 specimens representing 35 species (including 25 species from the  S. cretica  group). Molecular analyses provide a well-supported phylogenetic framework for the species of interest, which are all recovered monophyletic. Molecular species delimitation analyses also support the species status of almost all sampled species. Interestingly, the inferred tree indicates that the  S. cretica  group and the  S. fuscifrontia  subgroup are both paraphyletic; this indicates that, while highly informative, the chosen genitalic characters in  Sesamia  are not all synapomorphies.

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Phylogenetics, integrative taxonomy and systematics of the  Sesamia cretica  species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini: Sesamiina), with the description of 21 new species from the Afrotropical region