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Long-term acid suppression during vonoprazan therapy causes hypergastrinemia which may induce gastric mucosal changes such as fundic gland and hyperplastic polyps. The aim of this study is to clarify the long-term changes in serum gastrin levels and risk factors for hypergastrinemia. From July 2016 to April 2020, 48 patients receiving vonoprazan 10 mg once daily for more than one year were reviewed. Serum gastrin level was evaluated by radioimmunoassay in a fasting condition (reference range 37–172 pg/ml). The baseline median gastrin level was 100 (range, 54–415) pg/ml. The gastrin level over 4 years was 700–1200 pg/ml, which plateaued at 1.5 years. Multivariate analysis revealed factors associated with gastrin levels 12 months after starting vonoprazan and identified severe gastric atrophy as a significant positive risk factor ( p  = .046). The gastrin level over 4 years in patients with severe gastric atrophy and no atrophy was approximately 900–1500 and 500–1000 pg/ml, respectively. Female gender was also identified as a positive factor, although it was not statistically significant ( p  = .087). The gastrin level over 4 years in females was approximately 900–1300 pg/ml, greater than in males (500–900 pg/ml). A continued increase in gastrin levels was not found during long-term vonoprazan therapy. Severe gastric atrophy is a significant risk factor for hypergastrinemia.

Long-term changes in serum gastrin levels during standard dose vonoprazan therapy