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It has been recently reported that deep invasive submucosal (T1b) colorectal cancer (CRC) without other pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis has a low rate of lymph node metastasis, increasing the possibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the future. However, ESD for T1b CRC is technically difficult, and some lesions cannot be resected en bloc. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with vertical incomplete ESD in T1b CRC. We retrospectively studied 140 pathological T1b CRC lesions that underwent initial ESD at our institution between January 2011 and October 2020, and categorized them into positive vertical margin (PVM) and negative vertical margin (NVM) groups. The risk factors for PVM were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses, and a subgroup analysis for T1b CRC with an obvious depressed surface was performed. Multivariate analysis revealed obvious depression (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.47–22.5) and severe fibrosis (HR: 11.4; 95% CI: 3.95–33.0) as significant risk factors for PVM. Length of depressed surface ≥12 mm (HR: 6.19; 95% CI: 1.56 –24.6) was identified as an independent predictor of PVM for T1b CRC with an obvious depression. Pathological T1b CRC cases with an obvious depression and severe fibrosis are at a high risk of vertical incomplete ESD.

Risk factors for vertical incomplete resection in endoscopic submucosal dissection of deep invasive submucosal colorectal cancer