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In the context of food insecurity in resource-poor settings, agroecology (AE) has emerged as an important approach promoted for improving crop productivity, yet few studies have demonstrated how a combination of agroecological methods can improve crop health and thereby crop productivity. Using a geospatial approach, this study investigated whether agroecological practices can improve crop health in smallholder contexts. We compared leaf area indexes (LAIs) of crops on AE and non-AE farms and prospectively predicted the impact of AE using vegetation indexes (VIs). We found that crops on AE farms produced higher average growing season LAIs for maize and pigeon peas (1.28 m 2 /m 2 ) and maize and beans (1.29 m 2 /m 2 ) farms compared to 0.97 m 2 /m 2  and 0.80 m 2 /m 2 , respectively, for the same crops on the non-AE farms. The higher LAIs suggest that the combination of farming strategies practiced on the AE farms produced healthier crops on AE farms. Random forest regression prospective predictions generated statistically significant higher LAIs for maize and beans ( R2  = 0.90, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.32 m 2 /m 2 ) and maize and pigeon peas ( R2  = 0.88 m 2 /m 2 , RMSE = 0.42 m 2 /m 2 ) on the AE farms, but predictions for the non-AE farms were not statistically significant. The findings demonstrate that combining AE strategies can potentially improve crop productivity to enhance household food security and income in smallholder contexts.

A Geospatial Approach to Assessing the Impact of Agroecological Knowledge and Practice on Crop Health in a Smallholder Agricultural Context