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This research added different ratios of chromium carbides, tantalum carbide, and titanium carbide powders to Vanadis 23 high-speed steel powders. The composite powders utilised vacuum sintering at 1230, 1245, 1260, and 1275°C for 1 h, respectively, and the experimental results show that good mechanical properties were obtained by the addition of 0.6 mass% Cr 3 C 2 –0.2 mass% TaC–0.2 mass% TiC sintered at 1245°C for 1 h. Meanwhile, the apparent porosity was decreased to 0.23%, and the transverse rupture strength and hardness reached 2470.7 MPa and 78.5 HRA, respectively. When optimally sintered Vanadis 23 composites (0.2 T) underwent a series of heat treatments, the transverse rupture strength and hardness values were obviously enhanced to 2693.6 MPa and 84.0 HRA after quenching, and sub-zero and tempering treatments. The EBSD and TEM results confirm that the  M C,  M6 C,  M7 C 3 , and  M23 C 6 -type carbides appeared in the 0.2 T specimen after vacuum sintering and sub-zero heat treatments.

powder metallurgy

In situ  TEM observation of the microstructure characteristics of the vacuum sintering, sub-zero and heat treatments of Vanadis 23 high-speed steel by adding Cr 3 C 2 –TaC–TiC powders