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The viscosity of a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm]BF 4 )/water mixture has been reported to be less than one-half that of pure [BMIm]BF 4  for water mole fraction ( χw ) of 0.3, even though the liquid structure of [BMIm]BF 4  has been reported to be similar to that of pure [BMIm]BF 4  for 0 ≤  χw  ≤ 0.7. To investigate the relationship between the liquid structure and viscosity, the water content dependence of the viscosity is discussed in terms of the molar and partial molar thermodynamic functions calculated from the density and viscosity of the [BMIm]BF 4 /water mixture. A schematic model is then proposed based on the results. In the water fraction region of 0–0.3, water molecules enter into the liquid structure of [BMIm]BF 4 . Water molecules do not interact strongly with [BMIm]BF 4  and have much higher mobility than [BMIm]BF 4 ; therefore, it is expected that the water molecules enhance the fluidity of [BMIm]BF 4  as a lubricant.

Molar and partial molar thermodynamic functions of [BMIm]BF 4 /water mixture (Gibbs free energy, entropy and enthalpy)