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Two new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate species from subtidal sand collected in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, were described by morphological and molecular methods. Both species were slightly flattened dorsoventrally or laterally, roughly oval in shape, with small epitheca and large hypotheca, with ascending cingulum, and sulcus covered by a wide list of the first postcingular plate. The species differed in the thecal ornamentation, the number of epithecal plates, the shape of the left sulcal list and the shape of the fifth postcingular plate. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on LSU rDNA sequences of the two new species and their morphological characters confirmed their monophyly and justified the establishment of a new genus,  Aliferia gen. nov ., with  Al. nikselinii sp. nov . and  Al. kharlamenkoi sp. nov . The new genus was characterized by dorsoventrally or laterally flattened cells with small epitheca and large hypotheca, ascending cingulum, shifted or not shifted sulcus covered by a wide list on the left side, and with one or two ventral spines. Thecal tabulation: APC 3′ 2a 6–7′′ 2? or 3c 5s 5′′′ 1′′′′. Distance-based analyses indicated Diplopsalidoideae as the closest phylogroup to  Aliferia . Seven phylogroups of the  Amphidiniopsis  complex,  Herdmania , the  Protoperidinium  complex, and  Archaeperidinium  (Clade ‘Y’) were grouped with the highest support values, and  Aliferia  formed an independent branch basal to members of Clade ‘Y’. The genus  Aliferia  showed morphological similarity to both sand-dwelling ( Amphidiniopsis  and  Herdmania ) and planktonic (Diplopsalidoideae) species. The morphology and phylogeny of  Aliferia  suggested complex taxonomic relationships between the planktonic and benthic genera.

phycologia

Morpho-molecular description of the new sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus  Aliferia gen. nov . (Dinophyceae) from the Sea of Japan, including two new species