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Vaucheria  species have previously been restricted to upper shore habitats in the Wadden Sea (eastern North Sea, European Atlantic). In contrast to these previous observations, we have now found  Vaucheria longicaulis  and a distinct plastid lineage of  V. velutina  spreading along the lower shores, forming extensive turfs at and below low tide level under fully marine conditions near the Island of Sylt. Species and populations were identified by morphological features and reconfirmed by sequencing the plastid-encoding gene  rbc L and the  psb A- rbc L spacer region. We needed to modify primer sequences to successfully amplify the  rbc L region of marine and brackish  Vaucheria  species. Due to distinct phylogenetic grouping, we can reject the possibility of niche expansions from the upper shore and propose recent introductions as the cause of the newly formed populations at the lower shore.

Invasive Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae) at the lower shore of the Wadden Sea