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Fungi in the class Leotiomycetes are ecologically diverse, including mycorrhizas, endophytes of roots and leaves, plant pathogens, aquatic and aero-aquatic hyphomycetes, mammalian pathogens, and saprobes.  Hymenotorrendiella  species are often assumed to be saprobic, their fruiting bodies developing on fallen leaves and dead wood but, in many cases, these putative saprobes are found on only a single host. For the leaf-inhabiting species this host specialisation has been shown to be driven by an endophytic phase to the life cycle, the initial infection of the host being on living leaves. Host specialisation has resulted in high levels of species diversity but within  Hymenotorrendiella  most of these species remain unnamed. In this paper four species of  Hymenotorrendiella  are accepted from  Eucalyptus  in Australia — the leaf-inhabiting  H. communis , as well as three wood-inhabiting species,  H. clelandii , and two species described here as new,  H. spooneri  and  H. brevis . The leaf-inhabiting  H. communis  has an endophytic phase to its life cycle, fruiting on dead leaves but with infection initiated while the leaves are still alive and appears to have been moved around the world along with its  Eucalyptus  host. The biology of the wood-inhabiting species is unknown although  H. clelandii  occurs also in New Zealand on introduced  Eucalyptus . Also described here are two other wood-inhabiting species from New Zealand that are closely related to  H. clelandii  –  H. coriariae  from  Coriaria arborea , and  H. pruinosa  from  Leptospermum  and  Kunzea .  H. spooneri  as accepted here appears to comprise a phylogenetically diverse complex of several closely related sister populations. These populations differ somewhat morphologically, but each is represented by only one specimen, making it impossible at present to assess the possible taxonomic significance of those morphological differences.

Hymenotorrendiella clelandii (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Helotiaceae) and related species from Australia and New Zealand