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Eight oats catch crop trials were conducted over two years on winter forage paddocks on commercial dairy farms in Canterbury and Southland measuring the effect of tillage and timing-by-tillage, respectively, on dry-matter (DM) yields, N uptake and profitability (gross profit margin). The main objective was to successfully integrate catch crops into winter forage rotations over a critical period when the soil is normally bare and the potential for N drainage loss from urinary-N deposition is high. Oat harvest yields at green-chop silage maturity (∼50% panicle emergence) ranged from 8 to 10 t DM/ha when sown by the end of winter (4–5 months after drilling). Nitrogen uptakes ranged from 52 to 363 kg N/ha. Net gross profit typically ranged from NZ$1000 to NZ$1600/ha (assuming revenue of NZ$0.20/kg DM for standing feed). Minimum-till cultivation produced higher DM yields than direct-drill treatments in both years of the Canterbury trials (∼30% higher overall) but where N availability and good soil-seed contact were maintained, differences in yield were small (∼5%). Earlier sowing in Southland using a spader-drill combination increased DM yields and N uptake overall by 123% and 48%, respectively, over later sown conventional tillage options.

Tillage practice and sowing time affect yield, nitrogen uptake and profitability of catch crops sown after winter forage grazing in New Zealand