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This is the fourth contribution within an ongoing series dedicated to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This particular installment undertakes a comprehensive evaluation of a group previously referred to as the “Uncinula lineage” within  Erysiphe . The genus  Erysiphe  is too large to be assessed in a single paper; thus, the treatment of  Erysiphe  is split into three parts, according to phylogenetic lineages. The first paper, presented here, discusses the most basal lineage of  Erysiphe  and its relationship to allied basal genera within tribe Erysipheae (i.e.,  Brasiliomyces  and  Salmonomyces ). ITS+28S analyses are insufficient to resolve the basal assemblage of taxa within the Erysipheae. Therefore, phylogenetic multilocus examinations have been carried out to better understand the evolution of these taxa. The results of our analyses favor maintaining  Brasiliomyces, Bulbomicroidium , and  Salmonomyces  as separate genera, at least for the interim, until further phylogenetic multilocus data are available for additional basal taxa within the Erysipheae. The current analyses also confirmed previous results that showed that the “Uncinula lineage” is not exclusively composed of  Erysiphe  species of sect.  Uncinula  but also includes some species that morphologically align with sect.  Erysiphe , as well as species that had previously been assigned to  Californiomyces  and  Typhulochaeta . Numerous sequences of  Erysiphe  species from the “Uncinula lineage” have been included in the present phylogenetic analyses and were confirmed by their position in well-supported species clades. Several species have been sequenced for the first time, including  Erysiphe clintonii, E. couchii, E. geniculata, E. macrospora , and  E. parvula . Ex-type sequences are provided for 16 taxa including  E. nothofagi, E. trinae , and  E. variabilis . Epitypes are designated and ex-epitype sequences are added for 18 taxa including  Erysiphe carpophila, E. densa , and  U. geniculata  var.  carpinicola . The new species  Erysiphe canariensis  is described, and the new names  E. hosagoudarii  and  E. pseudoprunastri  and the new combination  E. ampelopsidis  are introduced.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 4: Erysiphe (the “Uncinula lineage”)