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Anthracnose caused by  Colletotrichum  species is one of the most important diseases of torch ginger. The disease leads to loss of aesthetic and commercial value of torch ginger stems. This study aimed to characterize  Colletotrichum  species associated with torch ginger anthracnose in the production areas of Pernambuco and Ceará. A total of 48  Colletotrichum  isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Pathogenicity tests were performed on torch ginger with representative isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on seven loci—DNA lyase ( APN 2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus  MAT1-2-1  ( APN 2/ MAT -IGS), calmodulin ( CAL ), intergenic spacer between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) and a hypothetical protein ( GAP 2-IGS), glutamine synthetase ( GS ), and β-tubulin ( TUB 2)—revealed that they belong to five known  Colletotrichum  species, namely,  C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola , and  C. tropicale , and three newly discovered species, described here as  C. atlanticum, C. floscerae , and  C. zingibericola . Of these,  C. atlanticum  was the most dominant. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to torch ginger bracts. All species are reported for the first time associated with torch ginger in Brazil. The present study contributes to the current understanding of the diversity of  Colletotrichum  species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger and demonstrates the importance of accurate species identification for effective disease management strategies.

Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose