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Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus  Golovinomyces  and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of  Golovinomyces  spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding ( GAPDH ) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species  G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum , and  G. sparsus . A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species,  G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum , and  G. malvacearum , are described, and the new combinations  G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae , and  G. reginae  are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of  Erysiphe sparsa  (≡  G. sparsus ) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with  G. ambrosiae , and ex-epitype sequences of  G. valerianae  reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with  G. orontii . Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces