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Compacted bentonite is preferred as a buffer/backfill material in deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. During the long-term operation of a repository, the compacted bentonite will inevitably experience swelling or shrinkage due to the wetting and drying process caused by underground water of different concentrations. Furthermore, certain geo-stresses can also affect the volume change behaviour of bentonite. The experimental and theoretical results obtained on the volume change behaviour of the compacted bentonite tested under chemo-hydro-mechanical (CHM) conditions are reviewed in this paper. Results show that the infiltration of the high-concentration chemical solutions or the increase of the vertical stress will restrain the swelling process, yet accelerate the consolidation and volume shrinkage process of bentonite. Two competing processes (chemical hardening and chemical softening) were considered to exist in the compacted bentonite simultaneously, while the volume change data under different chemical loading paths are lacking. Although some constitutive models (e.g. BExCM) accounting for chemical effects on the volume change behaviour have been developed, more test results are needed for the calibration and verification of the proposed models. Alkaline solutions can cause mineral dissolution of the compacted bentonite, which should also be considered in the future.

journal of nuclear science and technology

Coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects on volume change behaviour of compacted bentonite used as buffer/backfill material in high-level radioactive waste repository