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The fire-retardant synergy of tris(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-phosphite (NORPM) and melamine hydrobromide (MHB)/aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADEP) in polypropylene (PP) was characterized by UL-94 tests, limiting oxygen index ( LOI ) determination and cone calorimetry tests (CCT). NORPM exhibits an exceptional synergy in PP. The  LOI  and fire-retardant effectivity ( EFF ) of S-3 (the loadings of MHB and ADEP 1.00 and 1.50 wt%, respectively, no NORPM) were 19.0% and 0.48%, respectively, however, the  LOI  and  EFF  of S-15 (the loadings of NORPM, MHB and ADEP 0.2, 1.00 and 1.50 wt%, respectively) significantly increased to 25.5% and 2.85%, respectively, synergistic effectivity ( SE ) of NORPM is 2.03, and the fire-retardant rating was improved from none to UL 94 V-2 and the total heat release ( THR ) and peak heat release rate ( PHRR ) dropped obviously by adding the 0.2 wt% NORPM. The analysis by thermogravimetry-mass spectrum analysis (TG-MS) of the PP samples and the residues in the CCT revealed that NORPM, MHB and ADEP induced the synergy primarily by the following modes: CH 3 O · , aminyl radicals, CH 3 ·and nitro radicals formed through the cracking of NORPM, along with the free radicals such as PO · , PO 2·  and HPO ·  pyrolyzed from ADEP and HBr from MHB, which quenched the active radicals, such as HO · , H · , ROO · , R ·  and broke down the radical source. The chain oxidation reaction of combustion was accordingly interrupted, which brought about the more exceptional fire-retardant effect than that of MHB/ADEP.

journal of macromolecular science, part b

Fire-Retardant Synergy of Tris(1-Methoxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-Piperidinyl)Phosphite and Melamine Hydrobromide/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate in Polypropylene