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We attempted to produce three dimensional (3D) aero-sponges using liquid silk (LS) extracted from the silk glands of fully grown larvae of  Bombyx mori  silkworms by combining an ice-crystal-sublimation method and a water-annealing treatment. The pore structure of the 3D LS-aero-sponge was constructed by the branched fibrous substrates and the films with small holes. It was assumed that the branched fibrous structure was mainly comprised of fibroin whereas the films were comprised of the fibroin interacting with the sericin fractions. Most of the WAXD peaks from the as-molded 3D LS-aero-sponge could be assigned to the silk1 crystal diffraction peaks of fibroin. The silk1 crystal modification of fibroin formed in the course of the production of the 3D LS-aero-sponge could bring about a good thermal shrinkproof property. Furthermore, a gamma ray irradiation treatment applied prior to the cell proliferation tests of the 3D LS-aero-sponges was found to be effective to form cross-linking in the sericin fractions. As a result, the yield stress in the compression tests of the 3D LS-aero-sponges was increased. The 3D LS-aero-sponge exhibited a good living cell proliferation properly in the culture tests using NH3T3 cells (Swiss albino mice embryonic fibroblasts) although that of the 2D LS-cast films was very poor. We suggest the good cell proliferation property of the 3D LS-aero-sponge was due to the continuous branched fibrous structure comprised of fibroin.

Structure of the Gamma Ray Irradiation-Curable Liquid Silk 3D Scaffold with Cell-Adhesive Property