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The influences of different emergent and rigid vegetation distributions on hydrodynamic characteristics in a 180° curved open channel are experimentally investigated in this study. Experimental results show that the transverse velocity gradient generated at the vegetation and non-vegetation interface is greater for the vegetation presence on the convex bank (inner case) than the vegetation on the concave bank (outer case) with the effect of centrifugal force pointing to the concave bank. The presence of uniform distributed vegetation will weaken the secondary flow, and theoretical analysis is also developed to indicate the influential range of emergent vegetation on secondary flow over a curved channel. In addition, the peak frequency determined from the spectrum at the vegetation and non-vegetation interface along a curved channel is still associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability. Both the curved channel and presence of emergent vegetation can reduce the occurrence frequency of turbulent ejection and sweep events.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of flow over emergent vegetation in a strongly curved channel