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Research has reported that Japanese people are more likely to focus on and look longer at eyes when reading emotions from facial expressions than their western counterparts. However, how these tendencies develop and whether there is a relationship between the two tendencies (to focus on the eyes and to look longer at the eyes) is unclear. The present study examined emotion recognition and gaze patterns in Japanese preschool children (n = 51) and university students (n = 57), using facial expressions with different eye and mouth cues. The results showed developmental changes in emotion recognition, with adults being more sensitive to negative emotions, whereas gaze patterns showed no developmental changes. Furthermore, there was no relationship between emotion recognition and gaze patterns. This suggests that the implicit and explicit processing of emotion recognition develops at different times, and that there is no direct relationship between the two processes.

Development of Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions with Different Eye and Mouth Cues in Japanese People