English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Viruses are responsible for several diseases in animals and have also been linked to the drastic decrease in the number of bee hives worldwide. Considering the necessity to diagnose honey bee viruses, we developed and standardized two multiplex RT-PCRs. We evaluated the presence of six viruses described in Africanized  Apis mellifera  bees: Deformed wing virus (DWV), Sacbrood bee virus (SBV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), and Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV). Therefore, 164 samples of honey bees were collected in 27 apiaries of 12 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil. Among the 12 municipalities evaluated, five presented positive samples for BQCV, ABPV and DWV. Cases of co-infection by ABPV and BQCV and BQCV and DWV were observed in both states. In all apiaries with positive samples for viruses,  Varroa destructor  mite was reported or found. These results demonstrate the high occurrence of BQCV (36%) and the presence of ABPV (3%) and DWV (1%) in apiaries in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in an apiary in Santa Catarina (75% BQCV and 12% DWV). The results confirm the circulation of these viruses in adult Africanized honey bees in southern Brazil, a factor that may be involved with the decline in the number of honey bees in this region of the country.

Detection of honey bee viruses in apiaries in Southern Brazil through two standardized multiplex RT-PCR