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The main objective of the present study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from  Mentha suaveolens  L. subsp . timija  (Briq.) Harley,  Chenopodium ambrosioides  L. and  Laurus nobilis  L. against  Varroa destructor  adult mites. Also, various combinations were prepared by mixing equal concentrations of any two and all three studied EOs and used to evaluate the combinational acaricidal effects of mixtures against adult Varroa mites. The GC/MS analysis indicated that the main chemical compounds of  M. suaveolens  subsp.  timija  EO were menthone (40.42%) and pulegone (19.22%), whereas  C. ambrosioides  EO is rich in α-terpinene (34.08%), isoascaridol (13.6%), p-cymene (10.95%), thymol (10.26%), ascaridole (10.25%) and carvacrol (7.75%).  L. nobilis  EO is mainly composed with 1,8-cineol (37.5%) and linalool (14.09%). The fumigation bioassays showed that the three tested EOs showed varroacidal toxicity, whereas no mortality has been observed on honey bees that were exposed to their higher concentrations. The highest acaricidal potency was observed with  M. suaveolens  subsp.  timija  (LD 50  = 3.360 µl/L air  and LD 90  = 7.300 µl/L air ). According to the combination index (CI) calculated by CompuSyn software, the ternary blend combination exhibited high synergistic effectiveness with a CI value of 0.343. All combinations have shown favorable dose reduction with DRI indexes greater than one. Our findings suggest that EO combinations tested could present a promising solution to reduce the effective doses of EOs and constitute a promising alternative to synthetic acaricides.

journal of apicultural research

Acaricidal activity of  Mentha suaveolens  subsp.  timija ,  Chenopodium ambrosioides , and  Laurus nobilis  essential oils, and their synergistic combinations against the ectoparasitic bee mite,  Varroa destructor  (Acari: Varroidae)