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We compared the efficacy of wintering honey bee colonies in wooden cylinders and wooden oblong box hives. Five colonies in “cylinders” and three colonies in “box-hives” were compared over two winters. The cylinders were 450 mm high with an internal diameter of 280 mm. The oblong box hives were Estonian standard one-box long hives with a frame size of 414 × 277 mm. Eight vertical rows of thermistors were fixed along the inner walls of both cylinders and hives and temperatures were measured at about weekly intervals. Food consumption and bee mortality of colonies were also assessed. In the cylinders, the winter clusters remained close to their front walls and away from the back wall, especially in cold weather. It was considerably warmer by the inner walls of the cylinders than in the hives, especially in the lower part. The surface of warm area decreased with cold weather and increased at around 0 °C indicating contraction and expansion of the cluster, respectively. In the second half of winter, there was a larger warm area in the cylinders than in the hives indicating that the clusters touched the walls of the cylinder more, thereby reducing heat losses further. Considerably, less food (13.5%) was consumed in the cylinders than in the hives. The numbers of dead bees on the floor was significantly lower in the cylinders than in the hives, but total bee mortality (dead bees on the floor  +  bees flown out in winter) differed little between cylinders and hives.

Wintering of honey bee colonies in cylindrical nest cavities versus oblong box-hives in a North European climate