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Epileptic seizures are common symptoms in brain arteriovenous malformation patients and seizure control was an important issue in the treatments. This retrospective study attempted to define the risk factors of seizure presentation and to evaluate the effects of treatment modalities on seizure outcomes. Patients receiving single treatment modality during 2013–2016 years, followed up more than 2 years were recruited. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect independent predictors. The factors associated with seizure control were analyzed in patients with pre-treatment seizures, and the factors associated with de novo seizures were analyzed in patents without pre-treatment seizures. Multivariate analysis identified that the independent predictors of seizure presentation were unruptured (ruptured vs. unruptured, OR = 0.314), and in the frontal (frontal vs. parietal, OR = 3.982) or temporal lobe (temporal vs parietal, OR = 3.313). In 47 patients with seizure presentation, good seizure outcomes were achieved in 26 cases. Partial obliteration of nidus (partial vs complete, OR = 32.301) and headache presentation were independent predictors of poor outcome. In 169 patients without seizure presentation, de novo seizures occurred in 22 cases. Treatments of microsurgery or radiosurgery led to a higher incidence of de novo seizures than intravascular embolization. Patients with unruptured and frontal/temporal lobe located nidus were more likely to manifest seizure presentation. Incomplete nidus obliteration was an independent risk factor of poor outcomes in patients with pre-existing seizures. However, compared to microsurgery or radiosurgery, endovascular embolization was less likely to cause de novo seizures in patients without pre-existing seizures.

Risk factors of seizure presentation in brain arteriovenous malformation patients and seizure outcomes after single-modality treatments