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Background:  Diabetes can impair cognitive performance and lead to dementia. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are reported with different levels of cognitive dysfunctions in various cognitive domains ranging from general intellectual testing to specific deficits with visuospatial abilities, motor speed, writing, attention, reading, and psychomotor efficiency. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of  Citrullus colocynthis on  cognitive functions. Methods:  A total of 42 male Wistar rats (3-4    months old and weighing 200-250    g) were tested in the current study. Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + Drug. The diabetic rats received Citrullus colocynthis extraction orally. The behavioral tests included the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), passive avoidance tests, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Data were analyzed using student and paired  t -tests  via  SPSS software version 16. Results:  Our results showed the protective effects of Citrullus colocynthis administration against cognitive impairments. This is followed by STZ-induced diabetes in the MWM, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks. Also, it was found that Citrullus colocynthis improved anxiety in diabetic rats. Conclusion  According to the findings of this study, the administration of 200    mg/kg  C. colocynthis  once per day for 40    days can lead to ameliorated cognitive impairments and antidiabetic effects such as increasing body weight and decreasing FBS.

Investigating the effects of Citrullus colocynthis on cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic rats