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The Ghanzi-Chobe Belt in Botswana’s portion of the Kalahari Copper Belt is home to Cu-Ag deposits. However, due to a lack of sufficient radiometric data, the origin of these deposits has remained a source of contention. We used sericite  40 Ar/ 39 Ar and  in-situ  biotite LA-ICP-MS Rb-Sr geochronology in samples from two mineralized zones of the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt to better bracket mineralization timing and then elaborate on the genesis of Cu-Ag mineralization in this portion of the Kalahari Copper Belt. Radiometric data suggest multiple mineralization events of Cryogenian ( ca . 670 Ma) and Ediacaran ( ca . 588 and  ca . 566 Ma) ages and highlight mineralization events that were previously unknown. The  ca . 670 Ma (sericite  40 Ar/ 39 Ar) event coincided with the final break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent. The 588.3 ± 0.2 Ma (sericite  40 Ar/ 3 9Ar) and 565.6 ± 6.5 Ma (biotite Rb-Sr) fluid pulse events correspond to syn-orogenic and syn-metamorphic Cu-Ag mineralization episodes, which occurred over a 72-million-year period (considering the previously reported molybdenite Re/Os age of 515.9 ± 2 Ma) that overlaps with the window time frame of basin inversion and metamorphism in the Kalahari Copper Belt. The  ca . 670 Ma event, as well as the extended age range of syn-orogenic Cu-Ag mineralization, contributed to the refinement of the genetic model of sedimentary rock-hosted Cu-Ag mineralization in the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt and the Kalahari Copper Belt. Our radiometric data shed new light on Cu-Ag mineralization in the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt and the Kalahari Copper Belt. As the identification of numerous pulses of mineralization is an important factor in the formation of giant-to-supergiant sedimentary rock-hosted Cu-Ag deposits, the possibility of such deposits occurring within the Kalahari Copper Belt cannot be discounted. In the Kalahari Copper Belt, Damara Belt, and Central African Copper Belt, the Pan-African deformation and Gondwana assembly period were critical metallogenic epochs.

international geology review

The late Neoproterozoic sediment-hosted Kalahari Copper Belt in Botswana: refining the genetic model with sericite Ar/Ar and  in-situ  LA-ICP-MS biotite Rb/Sr geochronology