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In this study, detailed light microscopy (LM) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of pollen grains belonging to 11 taxa of genera  Grammosciadium ,  Vinogradovia  and  Caropodium  were performed. The pollen is radially symmetrical and generally isopolar with the exception of  Grammosciadium macrodan  ssp.  nezaketiae  where 65% of the grains have asymmetrical appearance. All the taxa are tricolporate. Ectoapertures are discontinuous (colpus length: 14.7 ± 0.8 and colpus width: 21.20 ± 2.28) with narrow and acute at the ends extending to the subpolar region. Endoapertures are in the mid-section of the ectoapertures, which is lolangate, prolate-spheroidal in  Grammosciadium scabridum , while lalongate, ellipsoidal, oblate or suboblate in the other taxa. Pollen shape is triangular and semi-triangular in polar-view. Pollen outline in equatorial view is subrectangular-straight in  G. scabridum  and  Caropodium platycarpum,  however, those were subrectangular and slightly constricted in equatorial region in all others. Based on the  P/E  ratio, it is prolate in  G. macrodon  ssp.  macrodon  while it is perprolate in the other taxa. Ornamentation variation (i.e. psilate, psilate-perforate, psilate-rugulate, rugulate and rugulate-perforate) was observed around the apertural, equatorial and polar regions. This character has been found as taxonomically important for the studied taxa.

Investigation of pollen morphology of the genera Grammosciadium , Vinogradovia and Caropodium (Apiaceae)