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A Mn and Cu co-doping BiFeO 3  (BFO) thin film was fabricated on FTO/glass substrate by sol-gel method with a sequential layer deposition process. The raw materials using in the starting solution were bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O), iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O). Manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (C 4 H 6 MnO 4 ·4H 2 O) and copper (II) acetate monohydrate ((Ch 3 COO) 2 Cu·H 2 O) were used as dopants. All of these previous reagents were mixed together using ethylene glycol (HOCH 2 CH 2 OH) as solvent. The atomic ratio used was BiFe 0.94 Mn 0.04 Cu 0.02 O 3  (BFMCO) and 5 mol% of excess of bismuth was employed to compensate its volatility during high temperature annealing. The structural, morphological, optical properties and the charge transport mechanisms of the sample were studied using X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. The chemical composition was studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Simultaneously, a comparison was made between BFO and BFMCO thin films, prepared and characterized by the same experimental process, which allowed and knowing the effect of Cu and Mn co-doping on the structure and physical properties of BFO.

Influence of Mn and Cu on the properties of BiFeO 3 thin films