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Lead-free [(0.72- x )Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -0.28SrTiO 3 - x BaZr 0.05 Ti 0.95 O 3 ] ceramics (abbreviated as BNT-ST- x BZT),  x  = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.15 wt.%, were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. The effect of  x (BZT) content on phase structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties of BNT-BT- x (BST) ceramics was studied. The samples of the study were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns were analyzed using Rietveld refinement. The XRD revealed a single-phase perovskite for all the samples with coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. It shows the increasing of  x (BZT) content and, more tetragonal distortion of the phase. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of all the samples displayed spherical-like morphology. The grain growth inhibited by increasing of  x (BZT) content. The average of grain size decreased from 2.74 µm to 0.65 µm with BZT content. The highest density ( ρ  = 5.31 ± 0.11 g/cm 3 ), recoverable energy storage density ( Wrec  = 0.234 J/cm 3 ), and energy storage efficiency ( η  = 90%) at 30 kV/cm were found in the composition of  x (BZT) = 0.05 wt.%.

ferroelectrics

Improvement of phase structure and energy storage properties of [(0.72- x )Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -0.28SrTiO 3 - x BaZr 0.05 Ti 0.95 O 3 ] lead-free ceramics