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The conditions for the excitation of transverse and longitudinal polar modes in the processes of Raman scattering in lithium niobate single crystals with co-doped with copper and gadolinium are established using a backscattering geometry. A significant increase in the intensity of the Raman lines at 175 and 603 cm −1  was found with an increase in the degree of doping of the crystals with copper due to the photorefractive effect.

Raman scattering of light in single crystals of lithium niobate co-doped with copper and gadolinium