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To write a book is to create a dwelling. Ali Smith’s novels are equal parts narrative and blueprint in the sense that they usher the reader into spaces, homes, habitats, and residences. Thus, an author is surely an architect – someone who designs and plans stories on top of stories – someone concerned with form and function, esthetic and purpose. Smith’s 2014 novel  How to Be Both  abounds with images of homes and roofs and doors. This essay is interested in architectural and literary thresholds, thresholds that welcome movement and exchange. Such spaces facilitate a type of narrative reciprocity between the novel’s two sections. Smith thus expands the concept of the traditional frame narrative and creates what I call a  reciprocal frame narrative  focused on exchange instead of embeddedness. In this essay, I explore the architecture of and in  How to Be Both  to better understand the connections between the two protagonists, George and Francescho.

The Architecture of Narrative Reciprocity in Ali Smith’s How to Be Both