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In this paper the phenomenon of  flame jump  vis-a-vis  steady propagation  in biomass packed beds in counter-current mode is discussed. By analyzing the fuel flux and propagation rate data from experiments with a range of oxidizers, namely, air, O 2 -N 2 , O 2 -CO 2 , and O 2 -steam mixtures, parameter regimes of steady propagation, and  flame jump  are identified. A theoretical basis for this classification is developed by analyzing the thermo-chemical conversion of single particles subject to flow and thermal conditions in a packed bed. The ratio of the ignition () to devolatilization () times is shown to emerge as the controlling parameter in determining the flame propagation regimes. It is found from the theoretical analysis that steady propagation occurs for&lt; 2 and transition to  flame jump  occurs if2. Operational zones of a packed bed biomass system is mapped using the predicted ratio ofas a function of volatiles-based equivalence ratio (). Implications of these results to practical ligno-cellulosic biomass combustion and gasification systems, especially using oxygen-steam mixtures for hydrogen generation, are brought out.

The Phenomenon of Flame Jump in Counter–current Flame Propagation in Biomass Packed Beds – Experiments and Theory