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Two flying squirrel species, Pteromys momonga and Pteromys volans contain 2nequals;38 with the same fundamental number of 68, but differ in their karyotypes. Almost all the autosomes and the sex chromosomes have either complete or partial G-band correspondence, and thus provide definitive evidence for the taxonomic relationship of these Pteromys species. The karyotypic differences occurred as results of pericentric inversion, tandem fusion, and deletion of autosomes and the Y chromosome. No Robertsonian event occurred. Both species possess one pair ofAg-NORs in identical G-banded chromosomes but different morphology resulting from pericentric inversion. Despite the conservatism of G-band patterns, a striking accumulation of C- heterochromatin has occurred in the P. momonga karyotype. Flow-cytometric DNA determination demonstrated that P. volans genome contains approximately 15 %% less DNA. These differences seem to be prima rily reflected by chromosomal deletions in the P. volans karyotype rather than ac cumulation of the Cheterochromatin in the P. momonga karyotype. The present findings are crucial for explaining the direction of karyotype evolution of these species, and suggest that the karyotype of P. momonga is ancestral and that P. volans is derived from it.

caryologia

Comparisons of the banded karyotypes between the smallJapanese flying squirrel,Pteromys momonga and the Russian flying squirrel, P. volans(Rodentia, Sciuridae)