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The data generated from a model-based simulator are used in this study for evolutionary multi-objective Optimisation, correlating input parameters like natural gas and pulverised coal injection with coke rate, carbon rate and fuel cost. Evolutionary optimisers are used to minimise coke input and total fuel cost and corresponding CO 2  emissions were analysed. Co-injection of gas with coal in a blast furnace generally lowers furnace CO 2  emissions by increasing hydrogen in the input fuel. This study reveals that major emission reduction possibilities at the lowest optimised coke rate and total fuel cost do not exist when coal and gas co-injection is attempted. A tri-objective Optimisation study was also conducted for simultaneous minimisation of coke rate, carbon rate and fuel cost with co-injection of gas and coal and several trends emerged. Although significant reductions of coke rate and fuel costs were predicted, no marked reduction of carbon rate, hence emissions, was foreseen.

Consequence of natural gas injection in blast furnace: a critical appraisal using a thermodynamic and evolutionary computation approach