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The shipbuilding industry is global in scope and networks, while also historically closely connected to state actors, and embedded within local, regional, and state-level infrastructures. Drawing on the existing literature on embeddedness, this article offers new case-study material on the recent history of two shipyards – Gdynia (Poland) and Uljanik (Croatia) – through which to consider the depth of and modes of embeddedness. Topics covered include social provision at the shipyards; the enterprises’ relation with city, local and regional authorities; and state-level and legal frameworks across the ‘transition’ to capitalism. It concludes that despite downsizing, both shipyards have proven successful in retaining forms of embeddedness that emerged during the socialist period, and that for this reason, a blurring of private and public boundaries is present that goes above and beyond discussions of ownership regimes.

The embeddedness of ‘public’ enterprises: the case of the Gdynia (Poland) and Uljanik (Croatia) shipyards