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1. The Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator in controlling cell metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and response to oxidative stress. However, FOXO3 has not previously been studied much in the embryonic skin follicles of geese. 2. This study used Zhedong white geese ( Anser cygnoides ), Jilin white geese ( Anser cygnoides ) and Hungarian white geese ( Anser anser ). The feather follicle structure in the dorsal skin during embryonic stages was examined with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Pollak staining. The FOXO3 protein content in the embryonic dorsal skin from feather follicles was detected using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. 3. The  mRNA  expression level of  FOXO3  in the dorsal skin of Jilin white geese was highly expressed on embryonic day 23 (E23;  P  &lt; 0.01), while  mRNA  expression of  FOXO3  was highly expressed in the feather follicle of Hungarian white geese at E28 ( P  &lt; 0.01). The expression of FOXO3 protein mainly concentrated in the early embryonic phase among these goose breeds ( P  &lt; 0.05). This suggested that FOXO3 plays a crucial role in the development and growth of embryonic dorsal skin of feather follicles. The location of the FOXO3 protein was determined using the IHC technique, which further verified the effect of FOXO3 in the dorsal skin for feather follicles during embryogenesis. 4. The study demonstrated the differential expression and localisation of the  FOXO3  gene among different goose species. It was speculated that the gene could potentially improve goose feather follicle development and feather-related traits and provide a basis for further understanding of FOXO3 function in the dorsal tissue of goose embryos.

Expression of FOXO3 in the skin follicles of goose embryos during embryonic development