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1. NOD1 is a significant member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. Its main role is to identify microorganisms that invade the body, transmit immune signals and regulate innate immune responses. However, the expression and role of the  NOD1  in immune defence against infection in geese remain unknown. 2. The RT-PCR method and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to obtain the full-length goose  NOD1  ( gNOD1 ) cDNA series. The cDNA for  gNOD1  contains 2856-bp nucleotides,  i.e . 47-bp 5ʹ UTR, 135-bp 3ʹ UTR, and 1275-bp ORF region, and encodes a 951-amino-acids (AAs) polypeptide chain. The nucleotide sequence of  gNOD1  was found more than 90% similar to its homologs from other avian organisms. 3. The qRT-PCR results showed that  gNOD1  mRNA was widely distributed in different tissues, but highly expressed in liver, spleen, lung and caecum tissues. 4. Following stimulation of goose embryo fibroblasts (GEFs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), the expression of  gNOD1  and cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, changed with the response-efficacy correlation at 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi). 5. When the goslings were challenged with  Salmonella entertidis  (SE) and LPS, the expression of  gNOD1  was up-regulated at 3 and 6 hpi in the spleen and caecum tissues, respectively. However, after SE infection, the expression level of  gNOD1  fluctuated, while in the LPS group,  gNOD1  mRNA increased immediately at a peak time of 6 hpi and then steadily declined. These results indicated that  NOD1  was associated with the potency to resist bacterial and viral infections in the goose, both  in vivo  and  in vitro .

Molecular characterisation and function analysis of NOD1 gene from Yangzhou goose ( Anser cygnoides domesticus )