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Dwellings on hillsides require complex design and construction techniques, resulting in low productivity and high cost. Urban hillsides often feature low-density individual houses with private gardens or high-density informal settlement with lack of green spaces and compromised liveability. By contrast, densely built historic hill-towns are admired in the context of tourism for their setting and spatial coherence. This article proposes a design process, which combines design knowledge and parametric design. The research employs a mixed methodology, combining design research, computer simulation, and case study. Based on dwelling design and aspects of fabrication/installation, a shape grammar of dwelling modules is developed, which are set-out and combined with a rule-based, generative design algorithm. The process allows for the design of high-density settlements, comprising low-rise dwellings, with topography and principles of serial construction as design generators. The resulting two-stage parametric design tool is tested and refined on a case-study site in Wellington (NZ).

architectural science review

Algorithmic vernacular: a generative design process for hillside settlements and dwellings, optimized for siting, access and prefabricated construction