English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This paper applies a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Model to benchmark trade-based money laundering (TBML) activity for 26 European Union member countries between 2005 and 2015. Results indicate substantial TBML levels in the region averaging between $0.9 to $1.8 trillion USD annually. Surprisingly, we also find that TBML is a complement to traditional money laundering activities. Policies focusing on deterring traditional money laundering and tax evasion are associated with reduced TBML activity in the region. Aggressive government attitude towards traditional money laundering and illicit drug trade, without effectively reducing the illicit proceeds, can deter the detection of money laundering and increase TBML.

Estimates of Trade Based Money Laundering within the European Union