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At this point of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the worldwide loosening of health restrictions, there has been an observed jump in infectious load especially of the upper airways. Aims/Objectives : To shed light on children’s immunity and potential health risks after the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective chart review from May 2019 to January 2022. Pediatric patients with a discharge diagnosis suggestive of an upper respiratory or ENT infection were included. The sample was divided into three groups according to the date of presentation. A total 4356 patients were diagnosed with ENT infectious aetiology. The mean age was 4.69 years. The three periods studied were: Period-1 (May 2019–January 2020), period-2 (February 2020–April 2021) and period-3 (May 2021–January 2022). The distribution of adenoiditis and MEE is the same across all periods ( p  &gt; .05). The incidence of URTI, AOM and tonsillitis were significantly highest during period-3 followed by period-1, which in turn was significantly higher than during period-2 ( p  &lt; .05). The incidence of sinusitis was the highest during period-3 ( p  &lt; .001). There seems to be a heightened susceptibility to acute infection in children after the pandemic. Significance : It is important to keep in mind the changes in microbiota and implement measures to promote healthy gut flora, timely vaccination, and prompt medical interventions. What is already known:  We already know that quarantine has significantly decreased infectious load especially in children. This study adds  an objective assessment of this decrease with an assessment of the infectious load post-quarantine. This study  is a model for future pandemics on the importance of vaccinations and the importance of microbiota changes after pandemics.

Incidence of pediatric tonsillitis, otitis and upper respiratory infectious entities in the pre and post COVID-19 quarantine eras