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To assess pain, discomfort, and functional impairment in children experiencing extraction of primary canine or primary canine and primary first molar as an interceptive treatment for palatally displaced permanent canines. Twenty-eight children, aged 9.5–14 years with displaced permanent maxillary canines were randomly assigned for extraction of the primary canine only or the primary canine and the primary first molar. Pain and discomfort were rated on visual analogue scales, and influence on daily activities was assessed by a questionnaire that has been previously tested for reliability and validity. Differences between groups were assessed by independent samples  t -tests, Mann–Whitney  U -tests or the Fisher's exact test. Tooth extraction was associated with low levels of pain and discomfort on a group level. Extraction of both the canine and the first molar was associated with significantly more pain and discomfort than was the extraction of the canine only. Extractions were associated with chewing problems among one-third to half of the children, otherwise, few children reported any jaw impairment after extraction. Primary canines and first molars can be extracted in a way that is associated with relatively low levels of pain and discomfort during and after the procedures. Double extractions induced more pain and discomfort than single extractions, which should be accounted for in the treatment planning.

acta odontologica scandinavica

Pain, discomfort, and functional impairment after extraction of primary teeth in children with palatally displaced canines – a randomized control trial comparing extraction of the primary canine versus extraction of the primary canine and the primary first molar