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The basic question this paper addresses is: What should be the underlying purpose of intercultural analysis? Is the purpose to explain conversational mismatches in terms of cultural differences in an abstracted way? Or is the purpose to make an attempt to understand the complex institutional processes in which the shifting nature of 'culture' is embedded? As the main title suggests, I primarily address these issues by focusing on what characterises intercultural communication as '(not) intercultural'. The subtitle -'celebration of cultural differences in miscommunication analysis' applies to two aspects of intercultural analysis: (i) how 'culture' is used as an analytic construct to study miscommunication, and (ii) how certain researchers indulge in the 'analytic stereotyping' of intercultural encounters as mainly characterised by the cultural differences present.2 The first part of this paper (comprising section 2) offers a by no means exhaustive critical review of two specific types of intercultural communication analysis, i.e., one that can be situated within cultural anthropology and another with a more sociolinguistic and pragmatic orientation. By pointing at a dominant trend of 'thematisation of cultural differences', I offer a critique of an essentialist view of 'culture' in these Vpes of intercultural analysis, thus extending a position taken earlier (Roberts & Sarangi 1993). The second part of the paper (comprising sections 3, 4, and 5) starts with a call for a discourse orientation to the analytic concept of 'culture', which is followed by an analysis of situated intercultural data in the gatekeeping situation of selection interviews. This leads me to revisit the notion of 'interculturality' from a cultural-theoretic perspective, with particular reference to migrants' experience in contemporary multicultural societies.

Intercultural or not? beyond celebration of cultural differences in miscommunication analysis