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The pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproduct [(6-4) adduct] is one of the major photoproducts induced by UV irradiation of DNA and occurs at TpT sites. The (6-4) adduct is highly mutagenic and leads most often to a 3' T --&gt; C transition with 85% replicating error frequency [LeClerc, J. E., Borden, A. &amp; Lawrence, C. W. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9685-9689]. To determine the origin of the specific 3' T --&gt; C transition of the (6-4) adduct, we have used experimental NMR restraints and molecular dynamics to determine the solution structure of a (6-4)-lesion DNA decamer duplex that contains a mismatched base pair between the 3' T residue and an opposed G residue. Normal Watson-Crick-type hydrogen bonding is retained at the 5' T of the lesion site. The O2 carbonyl of the 3' T residue forms hydrogen bonds with the imino and amino protons of the opposed G residue. This potential hydrogen bonding stabilizes the overall helix and restores the highly distorted conformation of the (6-4) adduct to the typical B-form-like DNA structure. This structural feature can explain the marked preference for the insertion of an A residue opposite the 5' T and a G residue opposite the 3' T of the (6-4) lesion during trans-lesion synthesis. Thus these insertions yield the predominant 3' T --&gt; C transition.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

Solution structure of a DNA decamer duplex containing the stable 3′ T⋅G base pair of the pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone photoproduct [(6–4) adduct]: Implications for the highly specific 3′ T → C transition of the (6–4) adduct