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Translocation of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase along the DNA template during RNA synthesis encompasses continuous as well as discontinuous steps. This is demonstrated by chemical probing of transcription complexes stalled in consecutive registers of RNA synthesis at base positions +11, +12, +14, +16, +18, and +20. The "transcription bubble" translocates by continuous opening of the downstream edge in tandem with the growing RNA chain and discontinuous closing at the upstream edge after at least nine steps of RNA synthesis. The position of the enzyme remains unchanged during extension of the transcription bubble and "jumps" 10 bp downstream simultaneously with collapse of the transcription bubble.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

Translocation of the Escherichia coli transcription complex observed in the registers 11 to 20: "jumping" of RNA polymerase and asymmetric expansion and contraction of the "transcription bubble".