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The E2A gene encodes transcription factors of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family which are implicated in cell-specific transcriptional control in several cell lineages, including pancreatic beta cells. In the present work, we show by deletion mapping of both the E2A protein itself and the Gal4-E2A fusion protein that the protein contains at least two distinct activation domains. One domain (located between amino acids 1 and 153) functions efficiently in a variety of mammalian cell lines. The second domain (located between amino acids 369 and 485) functions preferentially in pancreatic beta cell lines. The latter domain shows a pattern of heptad repeats of leucine residues characteristics of "leucine zipper" transcription factors; site-directed mutagenesis of leucines within this repeat led to substantial reductions in activity. The selective properties of this activation domain may contribute to cell-specific transcription directed by the E2A gene.

The E2A gene product contains two separable and functionally distinct transcription activation domains.