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The chemotactic cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) is produced upon stimulation by various agents in many cell types, including connective-tissue fibroblasts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1 are potent inducers of IL-8 expression. Earlier we showed that TNF-induced stimulation of IL-8 mRNA accumulation in human FS-4 fibroblasts was inhibited by interferon beta (IFN-beta) or IFN-gamma. Here we show that this inhibition is not specific for TNF, since IFN-beta also reduced IL-8 mRNA accumulation induced by IL-1 or the double-stranded RNA poly (I-C). Treatment with IFN-beta also decreased TNF-induced IL-8 protein accumulation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect was much less pronounced when IFN-beta was added greater than or equal to 1 hr before TNF. The inhibitory action of IFN-beta on IL-8 mRNA accumulation was undiminished in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that IFN-beta caused a marked inhibition of TNF-induced IL-8 gene transcription; the transcriptional activation of several other TNF-induced genes was not inhibited by IFN-beta. The results suggest that the specific inhibition of the transcriptional activation of IL-8 by IFN is due either to a transient inactivation of a factor required for IL-8 transcription or to the activation of a selective inhibitory factor.

Downregulation of interleukin 8 gene expression in human fibroblasts: unique mechanism of transcriptional inhibition by interferon.